TAT Peptide
Drug Delivery / Research ToolAlso known as: TAT(48-60), HIV-TAT, Trans-Activator of Transcription Peptide, GRKKRRQRRRPPQ
Cell-Penetrating PeptidesResearch phase: Preclinical (delivery vehicle in numerous studies)Regulatory: Not approved as standalone drug. Used as research tool and delivery vector in preclinical and some clinical programs.
Mechanism
TAT peptide is a short sequence from the HIV virus that can cross cell membranes and carry attached cargo (drugs, proteins, nanoparticles) into cells. It is one of the most widely used cell-penetrating peptides.
Technical detail
TAT(48-60) (GRKKRRQRRRPPQ) is derived from the HIV-1 trans-activator of transcription protein. Its arginine-rich cationic sequence mediates cell membrane translocation via macropinocytosis and direct penetration mechanisms. It is the prototypical cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) used to deliver proteins, nucleic acids, and nanoparticles across cell membranes and the blood-brain barrier.