Secretoneurin

Immune / Angiogenic / Cardiovascular

Also known as: SN, Chromogranin C Fragment, Secretogranin II Fragment, SCG2 Fragment

Granin-Derived PeptidesResearch phase: Preclinical (gene therapy approaches studied)Regulatory: Endogenous peptide. SN gene therapy has been studied preclinically for cardiac ischemia. Used as a heart failure biomarker in research settings.

Mechanism

Secretoneurin is a 33-amino-acid peptide derived from secretogranin II (chromogranin C). It is released from neuroendocrine cells and neurons and has diverse biological effects including stimulating new blood vessel growth (angiogenesis), attracting immune cells (chemotaxis), and promoting wound healing. It has been studied as a potential therapy for ischemic heart disease due to its ability to stimulate blood vessel formation in oxygen-starved tissue.

Technical detail

Secretoneurin (SN) is a 33-amino-acid peptide generated by prohormone convertase cleavage of secretogranin II (chromogranin C/SCG2). It stimulates angiogenesis via VEGF-independent pathways, activating endothelial cell migration and tube formation through PI3K-Akt and MAPK/ERK signaling. Chemotactic for monocytes, eosinophils, and endothelial cells. In ischemic myocardium, SN gene therapy (via AAV vectors) promotes neovascularization and improves cardiac function in preclinical models. Also modulates dopamine release from nigrostriatal neurons, inhibits nociceptive signaling, and stimulates luteinizing hormone release. SN is a biomarker for heart failure severity (released from cardiac sympathetic neurons).

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