Glycomacropeptide

Nutraceutical / Satiety

Also known as: GMP, Caseinomacropeptide, CMP, Kappa-Casein Fragment

Food-Derived Bioactive PeptidesResearch phase: Clinical (PKU medical food); supplementRegulatory: FDA-approved as medical food component for PKU. Available as dietary supplement.

Mechanism

Glycomacropeptide is a peptide released from milk protein during cheese-making that promotes satiety and is uniquely suitable for people with PKU because it lacks phenylalanine.

Technical detail

Glycomacropeptide (GMP) is a 64-amino acid glycophosphopeptide (residues 106-169 of kappa-casein) released by chymosin during cheese production. It stimulates CCK release promoting satiety, has prebiotic effects on Bifidobacteria, and is the only known natural protein completely lacking phenylalanine, making it the primary protein source for phenylketonuria (PKU) patients.

Evidence

  • Glycomacropeptide for nutritional management of phenylketonuria: a randomized, controlled, crossover trial.

    Ney DM, Stroup BM, Clayton MK, Murali SG, Rice GM, Rohr F, Levy HL (2016) — American Journal of Clinical Nutrition — PMID: 27413125

    In a two-stage randomized crossover trial, 30 early-treated phenylketonuria participants aged 15-49 years consumed low-phenylalanine diets with either glycomacropeptide medical foods or amino-acid medical foods for 3 weeks each. Glycomacropeptide products were rated as more acceptable, were associated with improved gastrointestinal symptoms and less hunger, increased frequency of medical-food intake, and maintained blood phenylalanine control without significant between-treatment differences in blood phenylalanine concentrations, supporting glycomacropeptide as a safe and acceptable nutritional management option.

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